Zhostovo painting (

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

: ''Жостовская роспись'') is an old

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

n folk

handicraft A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by one’s hand or by using only simple, non-automated re ...

of painting on

metal A metal (from Greek μέταλλον ''métallon'', "mine, quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typicall ...

trays, which still exists in a village of Zhostovo in the

Moscow Oblast Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally "under Moscow"), is a federal subject of Rus ...

. It appeared in the early 19th century mainly under the influence of the

Ural Ural may refer to: *Ural (region), in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ural Mountains, in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ural (river), in Russia and Kazakhstan * Ual (tool), a mortar tool used by the Bodo people of India *Ural Federal District, in Russia *Ural econ ...

handicraft of flower painting on metal. Subsequent development of the Zhostovo painting handicraft was stylistically related to

porcelain Porcelain () is a ceramic material made by heating substances, generally including materials such as kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises mainl ...

and enamel painting techniques, used by factories near

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

, flower motifs on printed cotton, produced by the

Ivanovo Ivanovo ( rus, Иваново, p=ɪˈvanəvə) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Russia. It is the administrative center and largest city of Ivanovo Oblast, located northeast of Moscow and approximately from Yaroslavl, Vlad ...

factories, and Lukutin miniature (see Fedoskino miniature).

History

History of Zhostovo and its handicraft dates back to early 18th century, when Ossip Filippovich Vishnyakov opened his workshop in Zhostovo in 1825. The Vishnyakov workshop sold products made from papier-mache including boxes, cigar cases, and trays. 19's century, when in some of Moscows's suburbs and villages of former Troitsk oblast were appeared some workshops for manufacturing painted lacquered products made of papier-mache. Traditions of its painting are in Tagil painting which was appeared in the earlier 18 century. In 1922 «Novoseltsevo work artel» was founded in Novoseltsevo for produce lacquered metal trays; in 1924 «Zhostovo work artel» and «Spetskustar» were founded there; «Lakirovshik» and «Svoy trud» were founded at the same time in 1925 and then all of them were united in 1925 to «Metallopodnos». 1920—1930 were hard for Zhostovo. Common trends of Soviet art of hard standing to modern and realism led to change traditional way of art and applying to Zhostovo patterns of ornaments and conceptual art which were made by professional artists without considering folk art. But lead artist understood the danger of foreignness additions to folk art and managed to resist and lead new ideas to it. Earlier Zhostovo painting was just as a houseware, but now it's independent type of decoration and the craft which was only merchant's hobby was raised to unique unit of Russian folk art. Today, it is called the Zhostovo Factory of Decorative Painting (Жостовская фабрика декоративной росписи).

Production process

Zhostovo painting is a handicraft of painting on metal trays, preliminary coated with a few layers of

priming Priming may refer to: * Priming (agriculture), a form of seed planting preparation, in which seeds are soaked before planting * Priming (immunology), a process occurring when a specific antigen is presented to naive lymphocytes causing them to di ...

(

putty Putty is a material with high plasticity, similar in texture to clay or dough, typically used in domestic construction and repair as a sealant or filler. Although some types of putty (typically those using linseed oil) slowly polymerise and be ...

) and oil

varnish Varnish is a clear transparent hard protective coating or film. It is not a stain. It usually has a yellowish shade from the manufacturing process and materials used, but it may also be pigmented as desired, and is sold commercially in various ...

(usually, black). Painting is done in a few consecutive energetic and firm strokes with a soft

brush A brush is a common tool with bristles, wire or other filaments. It generally consists of a handle or block to which filaments are affixed in either a parallel or perpendicular orientation, depending on the way the brush is to be gripped durin ...

and

oil paint Oil paint is a type of slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. The viscosity of the paint may be modified by the addition of a solvent such as turpentine or white spirit, and varn ...

s, richly diluted with

linseed oil Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil or flax oil (in its edible form), is a colourless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant (''Linum usitatissimum''). The oil is obtained by pressing, sometimes followed by ...

. The most widely used motif of the Zhostovo painting is a bunch of mixed garden and wild flowers, which is simple and laconic in its essence. The edges of a tray are painted with a light golden ornament called ''уборка'' (uborka). A finished tray is then covered with three layers of light

lacquer Lacquer is a type of hard and usually shiny coating or finish applied to materials such as wood or metal. It is most often made from resin extracted from trees and waxes and has been in use since antiquity. Asian lacquerware, which may be ca ...

and polished to brilliance.

References

External links

* http://www.zhostovo.ru - Official site of Zhostovo decorative art manufactory {{Russian souvenirs, state="expanded" Russian handicrafts Russian inventions Mytishchinsky District